refering to Topaz Video 1.5.0 - #60 by Mayday I could finally solve the problem, after many hours, so here’s a small side note — I hope it helps anyone experiencing the same issues. Even after reinstalling Windows, I had strange clock timing errors in the windows log, and again blue screens, which made me suspect a hardware defect. I had already updated BIOS and drivers, but that didn’t help.
To get to the point: the Asus Driver Update Tool provided me with an outdated chipset driver from 2025. The solution was to install the latest directly from AMD — so new Chipset driver is highly recommended for all AMD platform owners! B650 / B840 / B850 / X870 / X870E
After the latest chipset driver installation for my B850, all problems were gone like wonder. The system feels faster, there are no more crashes, and even my external SSD in a USB enclosure no longer randomly disconnects from Windows, which used to happen from time to time before.